Car audio terminologija

Trikovi vezani uz montažu zvučnika, pojačala, izrade kutija, fiberglass...
Locked
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

O

•Octave - The interval of eight diatonic degrees between two musical tones. The doubling or halving of frequencies.1000Hz is an octave higher than 500Hz.
•Ohm - The unit of electric resistance and impedance. One ohm is the resistance value through which one volt will maintain a current of one ampere.
•Ohm's Law - Current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage, and inversely proportional to resistance. It also includes the relationships of watts to amps, volts and ohms.
•Over sampling - Doubling or quadrupling (or by even a higher factor of 2 squared) the sampling frequency during the digital to analog process to obtain a high frequency for digital filtering.
•Output - The high level (speaker) or line level (RCA) signals sent from one system component to another or the high level signal from an amplifier to the system speakers.
•Out of Phase - When the speakers are wired with reverse polarity they are known to be out of phase. Because of the phase difference created in the reproduced sound waves.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

P

•p (rho) Density of air at STP 1.18 kg/m^3
•Pa Acoustical power
•Parallel Circuit - A circuit configuration in which the same voltage is applied to all components, with current divided among the components according to their respective resistances or impedances. Example: All positive leads of two or more speakers connected together and all negative leads connected together.
•Parametric - A type of equalizer with adjustable parameters such as center frequency and bandwidth (Q) as well as amplitude.
•Passive Crossover – It uses inductor (coils) and capacitors in a series and/or parallel configuration to direct desired frequencies to their respective drivers. It does not use any active electric circuitry for this purpose.
•Passive Radiator – A device that looks like an ordinary driver, except it has no magnet of voice coil. It is usually a high compliant device with a similar cone material and surround found on regular drivers. The radiator must usually be at least as large as (or larger than) the driver it is aligned with. It is acts just like a port in a ported enclosure system but has an advantage over a regular ported box simply because of the elimination of port noise.
•Pe - Electrical power, P = V^2 / R or P = I^2 * R, where V = voltage, I = current and R = resistance.
•Peak - The maximum amplitude of a voltage or current.
•PEI film - Poly-etherimide. A plastic-based polymer used primarily for tweeters and midrange cones offering high resistance against harsh environmental extremes, superior rigidity, damping and resistance against harsh environmental conditions.
•Phase - The relative position of two sound waves with respect to each other.
•Phase Coherence – The relationship and timing of sound coming from different drivers mounted in different locations in a vehicle or a room.
•Phase Distortion - A type of audible distortion caused by the time delay between various parts of the signal.
•Photo Detector (photo diode) - A semiconductor device which provides variations in current as a function of light intensity.
•Piezo Electric Tweeter - A very efficient, highly directional tweeter which operates without a crossover or magnet. Driver creates sound when a quartz crystal receives electrical energy. A highly capacitive load is common in Piezo Tweeter Arrays.
•Pink Noise - Sound with all frequencies perceptible to the human ear reduced to an equal energy level.
•Pink Noise Generator A device used to generate pink noise that usually includes a calibrated microphone coupled to a Real Time Analyzer. Commonly used tool for audio engineers to compensate for room resonance and reflections within a given listening venue.
•Pit - One of the depressions that represents data in a compact disc. May also be referred to as bumps, this is what the pick up lens sees and interprets.
•Plate Speaker - A speaker that has two drivers mounted side by side on a flat surface.
•PMPO – Peak Music Power, used on gears that need to look more powerful than it is.
•Polarity - The electrical quality of having two opposite poles, one positive and one negative. Polarity determines the direction in which a current tends to flow.


•Pole Mount - A common automotive speaker design with the high frequency driver mounted on a center pole. Newer designs mount the high frequency driver in the same location above the lower frequency driver with a bridge. This prevents problems such as dust and dirt from entering at the base of the pole.
•Ported Enclosure - A type of speaker enclosure that uses a sonic duct or a port to improve the efficiency at low frequencies. It applies the out of phase sound wave from the back of the cone and uses it to reinforce the front wave. .
•Power Handling Capability - The maximum amount of power that can be safely accommodated without damage in a speaker system. This will vary depending on frequency and length of time the signal is applied.
•Pre-amp Fader - A circuit that allows effective level control of two amplifiers, built in and external without loss of power.
•Pre-amplifier (pre-amp) - The circuit which takes a small signal and amplifies it to be fed into the power amplifier for further amplification. Contains controls for volume, regulating tone, and channel balance.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

Q

•Q - The relative damping of a loudspeaker
•Qa - The system's Q at Fb, due to absorption losses; dimensionless
•Qec - The system's Q at resonance (Fc), due to electrical losses; dimensionless
•Qes - The driver's Q at resonance (Fs), due to electrical losses; dimensionless
•Ql - The system's Q at Fb, due to leakage losses; dimensionless
•Qmc - The system's Q at resonance (Fc), due to mechanical losses; dimensionless
•Qms - The driver's Q at resonance (Fs), due to mechanical losses; dimensionless
•Qp - The system's Q at Fb, due to port losses (turbulence, viscosity, etc.); dimensionless
•Qtc - The system's Q at resonance (Fc), due to all losses; dimensionless
•Qts - The driver's Q at resonance (Fs), due to all losses; dimensionless
•Quantization - The assigning of values to discrete samples of a continuous signal in the analog to digital conversion process.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

R

•R - Ripple, AC noise level from a power supply, riding on a DC voltage rail, units in dB
•Radio - A head unit that combines a tuner, a preamplifier, and a power-amplifier. •Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) - Electromagnetic waves between the frequencies of 10 KHz and 300 GHz that can affect susceptible systems by conduction through sensor (tape head) or power input lines, and by radiation through space.
•Ras Acoustical equivalent of RMS
•RAM - Random Access Memory. A memory device that one can write data to and read data from.
•Relay (SPDT) - (Single Pole Double Throw Relay) an electromagnetic switch, consist of a coil (terminals 85 & 86), 1 common terminal (30), 1 normally closed terminal (87a), and one normally open terminal (87).

•Remote Turn On Lead - The power lead from the head unit which supplies a signal (12V+) to the "remote turn on" lead of the amplifier turning the amplifier on when the head unit is turned on, and allowing the amplifier to be mounted in a location out of reach of the user. This is NOT the amplifier's main source of power. It is generally a very low current power source. (200-300 mA max.)
•Res The electrical resistive equivalent of RMS, in ohms
•Resistance - The opposition to the flow of AC or DC voltage in an electric current. Measured in ohms.
•Resistor - An electrical device that resist the flow of electrical current. The higher the value of resistance (measured in ohms) the lower the current and voltage will be. •Resonance - Pitch. When you tighten a drum, you raise its resonance.
•Resonant Frequency - Frequency at which there is a response peak, due to a specific interaction of inductive and capacitive circuitry in an audio devise or system.
•Revc - DC voice coil resistance, in ohms.
•RF Modulator - A device that converts a signal (typically audio and/or video) into a radio frequency.
•Rg - Amplifier source resistance (includes leads, crossover, etc.), in ohms
•Rms - The driver's mechanical losses, in kg/s
•RMS - Root Mean Square. The RMS voltage of an AC waveform corresponds to the same DC equivalent power source and ability to drive an electrical device. (0.707 of peak voltage is considered the RMS value of an AC waveform)
•Ripple - The maximum deviation from flat response, measured in decibels-it indicates the port's effect on woofer output.
•ROM - Read Only Memory. A memory device that one can only read data from. The data has been pre-programmed.
•Roll off (Cut-Off) – The attenuation that occurs at the lower or upper frequency range of a driver, network or a system. The roll off frequency is usually defined as the frequency where the response is reduced by 3 dB.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

S

•Sabine - Unit of measurement for absorption. One Sabine is equal to the absorption of 1 square foot of surface which will absorb all incident energy.
•Santoprene - A speaker surround material constructed of Santoprene (a manufactured rubber), offering improved resistance to stretching and deterioration over time compared to Butyl rubber.
•Sampling - Measuring the analog signal at a fixed rate of speed (sampling frequency).
•Satellite speaker – A small speaker with limited bass response often designed to be used with a sub-woofer and/or mid bass.
•Sd - Effective piston radiating area of driver, in square meters
•Sealed Enclosure - A type of speaker enclosure that does not allow the pressure generated by the back wave of the speaker to leave the enclosure.
•Second-Order - The frequency attenuation that occurs at a rate of 12 dB per octave.
•Selectivity (alternate channel) - Similar to capture ratio, but deals with signals which are broadcast on frequencies very close to the one selected.
•Sensitivity (loudspeaker sensitivity) - The sound pressure level a speaker produces when fed by a given input power, measured at a specific distance on axis directly in front of the speaker. Typically specified in dB of SPL at 1 meter with 1 watt of input signal. (Commonly uses a 2.83 reference voltage at 1,000 Hz.)
•Separates - A speaker system with more than one type of driver. The most common type of separates system is a set containing two high frequency drivers (tweeters), two lower frequency drivers (mids or woofers), and two crossover networks (filters). •Separation - The degree to which left and right channels in a stereo signal can be kept apart.
•Series Circuit - A circuit configuration in which a single current path is arranged among all components. Connecting the positive speaker output of an amplifier channel to the positive terminal of speaker # 1, connecting the negative terminal of # 1 to the positive terminal of speaker # 2, and the negative terminal of # 2 to the negative output of the same amplifier channel is a series connection.
•Shield - A metallic foil or braided wire layer surrounding conductors which is designed to prevent electrostatic or electromagnetic interference from external sources.
•Signal - Any electrical transmittance that conveys data.
•Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) - The ratio of the desired signal level to the level of unwanted noise. Measured in decibels.
•Sine Wave – The wave form of a pure alternating current or voltage. It deviates about a zero point to a positive and a negative value. Audio signals are sine waves or a combination of sine waves.
•Slope - The rate of boost or attenuation expressed in decibels of change per octave.
•Slew Rate - This term is used to describe how quickly the output of an amplifier can track its input. It is measured in Volts per millisecond. The higher the values better the amp.
•Sound - A wave propagated in air producing an auditory sensation in the ear by the change of pressure at the ear.
•Sound Field - The total acoustical characteristics of a space, such as ambience [number, timing, and relative level of reflections (ratio of direct to reflected sound).
•Sound Pressure Level (SPL) - An acoustic measurement of sound energy, typically expressed in dB SPL.
•SPLo - Sound Pressure Level, usually measured at 1 watt, at 1 meter in front of the loudspeaker
•Sound Stage - The area that appears to be occupied by sonic images. As with a real stage, a sound stage should have depth, height, and width. There is radiated acoustical energy in all axis, vertical, horizontal and all its vectors.
•Speaker - A transducer which converts electrical energy into acoustical energy (sound). •Spider – The flexible material that supports the former, voice coil and the inside portion of the cone within the speaker frame.
•Standing Waves - Created when two waves in opposite directions interfere. When a reflected wave reinforces a reflection of the original waveform, the sound waves reinforce themselves, increasing in altitude.
•Stereophonic (stereo) - Consisting of two or more audio channels in an audio system during recording and playback to give a more natural distribution of sound.
•Sub Harmonic - The result of the division of the fundamental frequency by the desired number harmonic. The sub harmonic of 1000 Hz is 500 Hz.
•Sub code - Data, other than music, which is stored on a CD, MD, or other digital format. Used to indicate track number, index number, use of emphasis, and other information. •Sub-woofer - A loudspeaker made to reproduce the lowest of audio frequencies, approx. 25 Hz to 125 Hz.
•Super tweeter - A high frequency driver designed to reproduce very high frequencies, typically over 10 kHz.
•Surround – The outer suspension of a speaker cone: holds the diaphragm in place but allows the cone to move when activated, usually made of foam or rubber.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

T

•TFT - Thin Film Transistor, Active Matrix Display a specific type of LCD display in which one to four transistors control each pixel. This technique offers the best resolution of all LCD, flat panel display types.
•Threshold of Pain (in dB SPL) - The minimum value of sound pressure of a given frequency that will cause pain to a listener 50% of the time. Discomfort begins at 105 dB SPL. Actual pain starts around 120 dB SPL within the frequency range between 200 Hz and 10,000 Hz.
•Three-Way - A type of speaker composed of three ranges of speakers, usually a mid-bass/woofer, mid-range and a tweeter.
•Timbre - The quality of sound related to its harmonic structure. Timbre is what gives a voice or instrument its sonic signature. That’s the reason why a trumpet and saxophone sound different when they play the same note.
•TOC / Table Of Contents - The sub code information which contains track numbers and times.
•Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) - The noise referenced to signal in decibels (dB) as a percentage.
•Tracking Servo - The control circuit used to keep the pick-up over the desired track.
•Transceiver - A combination radio transmitter/receiver usually installed in a single housing and sharing some components.
•Transducer - A device used to convert energy from one form to another. Acoustical to electrical (microphone), electrical to acoustical (speaker), and electrical to mechanical (Aura Bass Shaker) are three examples of transducers.
•Transient Response – The ability of a speaker to respond to any sudden change in the signal without blurring the sound. A speaker that can react quickly to rapid change in signal has “good transient response”
•Transistor - A three terminal device used for amplification and switching.
•Transmission line enclosure - An enclosure design in which the driver is at one end of the enclosure, with an internal path which consists of a series of bends or curves that lead to a port at the other end of the enclosure.
•Treble – The upper end of the audio spectrum reproduced by tweeters, usually 3 kHz and up.
•Tuner - A component (or section of one) that receives radio signals and selects one broadcast from many.
•Tweeter - A high frequency driver specifically designed to reproduce only the high frequencies (treble) of the audible spectrum.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

U

•Under lap - The crossover point being more than 3 dB below the un-attenuated level.


•Unloading – The tendency of an enclosure to produce no spring or pressure on the woofer. Unloading produces an uncontrollable over-excursion of the woofer cone (vibrates uncontrollably). The speaker will exhibit low power handling at lower frequencies.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

V

•Variable HP/LP Filter - Crossover components which offer adjustable cut-off frequencies, and levels.
•Vas - "Equivalent volume of compliance", this is a volume of air whose compliance is the same as a driver's acoustical compliance Cms (q.v.), in cubic meters
•Vd - Maximum linear volume of displacement of the driver (product of Sd times X-max), in cubic meters.
•Vented Enclosure - same as ported enclosure.
•Voice Coil - Coil of wire wrapped around a tube (former) and attached to the speaker cone or driver diaphragm. Becomes an electromagnet when an audio signal is applied and interacts with a permanent magnet which causes the cone or diaphragm to vibrate.
•Volt - The unit of measure for electrical potential.
•Voltage - he difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It's the push or pressure behind current flow through a circuit.
•Voltage Drop - The amount of energy consumed when a device has resistance in its circuit. The voltage (E) set up across a resistance (R) carrying a current (I). E=IR.
•Volume - The amount of space occupied in three dimensions (it's cubic space)-in the case of enclosures, the space inside. It can also refer to the loudness of sound .
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

W

•Wave - A single oscillation in matter (i.e., a sound wave). Waves move outward from a point of disturbance, propagate through a medium, and grow weaker as they travel farther. Wave motion is associated with mechanical vibration, sound, heat, light, etc.
•Waveform - The shape of a wave.
•Wave length – The length of a sound wave in air. It can be found by dividing the speed of sound in air by the frequency of sound.
•Watt (wattage) - A measurement of real power. The product of voltage and current in a resistive circuit.
•White Noise - Noise in which a constant energy level per unit (1 Hz) is maintained in all frequencies.
•Woofer - A loudspeaker made to reproduce the lower range of the audio spectrum (bass), in a 2-way or more complex speaker system.
•Wow and Flutter - Usually refers to the inconsistencies in tape speed which cause pitch variations and quivering sounds. Wow is slow-speed variations, and flutter is fast-speed variations. Expressed as a percentage, with lower numbers being better.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

X

•XM Radio - XM Radio broadcasts 100 channels of totally new music, news, sports and children's programming direct to cars and homes via satellite an extensive repeater network, which supplements the satellite signal to ensure seamless transmission. The channels originate from XM's broadcast center, the world's largest all-digital studio complex in Washington, DC, and uplink to two Boeing 702 satellites. These satellites transmit the signal across the entire continental United States. Each satellite provides 18kw of total power making them the two most powerful commercial satellites ever built, providing coast-to-coast coverage. Not available outside the Continent of North America.
•X-max - The maximum linear cone excursion of a driver.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

Y

•Y-splitter – A wire split accessory which is used to split a single wire end into 2 connections.
User avatar
Brucci
Administrator
Administrator
Posts: 2141
Joined: Wed Feb 08, 2006 1:48 am

Car audio terminologija

Post by Brucci »

Z

•Z - Z is also known as nominal Impedance.
•Zero Bit Detection - A circuit in a D/A converter that monitors the digital audio bit stream. Upon encountering all bits low, or zero bits, the output of the D/A is disconnected from the preamp. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio specification
•Zero Output - The absence of output signal or output power.
•Zobel Network - A filter used to stabilize speaker impedance at a crossover frequency where impedance has risen to twice the nominal impedance. It can also be used to attenuate speaker output levels without changing impedance loads to an amplifier.
•Zone - A specific area of a security system's coverage. A specific trigger input of an alarm.
Locked

Return to “Instalacija”